Welcome to CAT/GRE Vocabulary Building. This List/Test of vocabulary is for GRE, CAT etc verbal practice Test. This website has more than 2000 high-frequency CAT/GRE vocabulary words that have been picked from past CAT/GRE tests. It has lists of vocabulary words and also updated multiple choice vocabulary test to help you for GRE/CAT verbal exams. These can also be useful for one who is looking to improve his/her english vocabulary. So start improving vocabulary using these lists and tests. Practice makes perfect so hopefully these tests will provide those needed practice.
Vocabulary List - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Wednesday, March 18, 2009

GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 9

GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 9


privation = lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life;hardship; want; CF. deprive
cataclysm = deluge; upheaval; earthquake; violent and
sudden event or change
toxic = poisonous; N. toxicity
mutter = utter (complaining words) indistinctly in low
tones
abjure = renounce upon oath
extradition = surrender of prisoner by one state to another;Ex. extradition treaty; V. extradite
quirk = sudden sharp turn or twist; startling twist;
caprice; idiosyncrasy; peculiarity of behavior; Ex. by a
quirk of fate
aspire = seek to attain (position or status); long for; Ex. aspire to become president; Ex. aspire to/after the leadership
stratagem = deceptive scheme; clever trick
arrogance = pride; haughtiness; ADJ. arrogant: unpleasantly
self-important (with a strong confidence in one.s
own importance and a lack of respect for other people)
commune = small (often rural) community whose members
share work and income; V: exchange thoughts or
feelings; Ex. commune with nature
forestall = prevent by taking action in advance
inundate = flood; overflow; submerge; cover completely;
Ex. inundated with work
fussy = fastidious; finicky; easily upset
estranged = separated; alienated; V. estrange: alienate
(people in a family); N. estrangement
jetsam = things thrown from a ship (to lighten the ship)
bequeath = leave to someone by means of a will; hand
down in his will; N. bequest
dauntless = bold; fearless
lien = legal claim or right on a property
congruent = in agreement; harmonious; corresponding;
coinciding exactly; CF. congruous
expound = explain
obtuse = blunt; not sharp; stupid; slow in understanding
detrimental = harmful; damaging; N. detriment
mangy = shabby; wretched; suffering from mange; of bad
appearance
putrefy = make or become putrid; N. putrefaction
hideous = repulsive to the sight; ugly; repugnant; Ex.
hideous face/scream
abate = subside or moderate
annul = make void
egotism = tendency to speak or write of oneself excessively;
conceit; self-importance
skeptic = sceptic; doubter; person who suspends judgment
until he has examined the evidence supporting a
point of view; ADJ. skeptical; N. skepticism; scepticism
audacious = daring; bold; N. audacity
compost = mixture of decaying organic matter used as
fertilizer; V: put or make compost
heresy = opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary
to accepted religion; ADJ. heretical; CF. heretic
high-flown = highly pretentious or inflated
maniacal = raging mad; insane; N. maniac: insane person;
CF. mania: disorder of the mind; intense enthusiasm
whorl = ring of leaves around stem; ring; circular arrangement;
Ex. whorls on the fingers
petulant = touchy; peevish; ill-tempered
decimate = kill (usually one out of ten or every tenth
man); destroy or kill a large part of
resolve = decide; settle; solve; separate; make a determined
decision; N. resolution
brave = face courageously; Ex. brave the storm
viscous = (of a liquid) thick and sticky; gluey; viscid; CF.
consistency
grovel = crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate; behave
in a servile manner
compliance = conformity in fulfilling requirements;
readiness to yield; disposition to yield to others; V.
comply
invalid = one incapacitated(disabled) by a chronic illness;
ADJ: incapacitated by illness; not valid; null; V: allow to
leave (a military force) because of ill-health
spurious = false; counterfeit; forged; illogical; Ex. spurious
arguments
lechery = gross lewdness; lustfulness; ADJ. lecherous; N.
lecher: lecherous man
entomology = study of insects
molt(moult) = periodically shed or cast off hairs or feathers
(for replacement by a new growth)
expatiate = talk at length; speak or write in detail
tribute = tax levied by a ruler; payment made by one nation
to another in acknowledgment of submission; mark
of respect (such as praise or gift); Ex. pay tribute to
askance = with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval
or distruct); Ex. look askance at
dour = sullen; gloomy; stubborn
prate = talk idly; speak foolishly; boast idly
cardinal = chief; most important; N: priest; cardinal number:
number that shows quantity rather thatn order
pastry = paste of flour and water (eaten when baked)
betroth = become engaged to marry
valediction = saying farewell; expression of leave-taking
hygiene = science and practice of the promotion and
preservation of health; ADJ. hygienic: showing careful
attention to cleanness (to prevent disease); Ex. hygienic
condition
elaboration = addition of details; intricacy
homeostasis = tendency of a system or organism to
maintain relative stability or internal equilibrium; CF.
homeo-: constant; Ex. Homeotherm





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GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 8

GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 8


sinecure = well-paid position with little responsibility;
CF. sine cure: without care; CF. San Serif
squat = short and thick; stocky; Ex. ugly squat tower; V.
N.
unintimating = unfrightening
provocative = arousing anger or sexual interest; annoying;
Ex. provocative in tight jeans; V. provoke: incite to
anger; cause (an unpleasant action or feeling); N. provocation
discomfit = frustrate; put to rout; defeat; disconcert; embarrass;
perturb
tarry = linger; delay in starting or going; dawdle
prosperous = successful; rich; affluent; well-to-do; welloff
apotheosis = elevation to godhood; an ideal example of
something
pinnace = small boat
transition = going from one state of action to another
maudlin = effusively sentimental
chameleon = lizard that changes color in different situations
aspersion = slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on
ape = imitate or mimic (a person.s behavior or manner)
render = give; deliver; provide; represent in verbal or
artistic form; depict; perform; make; translate; Ex. render
the song beautifully
galley = low ship with sails (rowed along by slaves)
curb = chain or strap used with a bit to restrain a horse;
something that checks; V: check; restrain
buffet = strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table
with food set out for people to server themselves; meal
at which people help themselves to food that.s been set
seemly = (of behavior) proper; appropriate
decrepitude = state of collapse or weakness caused by illness
or old age
protuberance = protrusion; swelling; bulge
benefit = advantage; anything that brings helpl, advantage,
or profit; money provided by the government to
the people; fund-raising public entertainment; Ex. unemployment
benefit; V: receive benefits; be beneficial to;
give benefits
memorialize = commemorate
condign = adequate; (of punishment) severe and well deserved
oscillate = vibrate pendulumlike; waver
theoretical = based on theory; not practical or applied;
hypothetical
pundit = authority on a subject; expert; learned person
stereotype = one regarded as embodying a set image or
type; fixed and unvarying representation; standardized
mental picture often reflecting prejudice; Ex. stereotype
of the happy slave; V: make a stereotype of; represent
by a stereotype; Ex. It is wrong to stereotype people; Ex.
stereotyped answer
brawny = muscular; having well-developed muscles
surfeit = satiate; feed or supply to excess; stuff; indulge to
excess in anything; N: surfeiting; excessive amount; Ex.
surfeit of food
hazard = venture; put in danger; risk; Ex. hazard a guess;
N: possible source of danger
eloquence = expressiveness; persuasive speech; ADJ. eloquent:
movingly expressive; expressing ideas well so
that the hearers can be influeneced
fanciful = whimsical; visionary; imaginary; produced by
imagination; Ex. fanciful scheme
factious = inclined to form factions; causing dissension
chassis = framework and working parts of an automobile;
framework to which components are attached
inopportune = untimely; inappropriate or ill-timed;
poorly chosen
alcove = nook; recess
vendetta = blood feud (esp. between two families); CF.
Nina Williams
nemesis = someone seeking revenge; source of downfall
or ruin; CF. Nemesis
accrue = come to one as a gain; accumulate over time;
come about by addition; Ex. benefits that accrue from
scientific research; Ex. interest accruing in a bank account;
N. accrual
undertaker = funeral director; one whose business is to
arrange burials
complementary = serving to complete something
jingoist = extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike
chauvinist; N. jingoism: extreme nationalism
aquiline = curved; hooked; of or like an eagle; Ex.
aquiline nose
lofty = very high
mordant = biting; sarcastic; stinging; (apprec.) incisive;
cutting; Ex. mordant pen/wit
bombast = grandiloquent, pompous speech
shift = change position or place; exchange (one thing) for
another; change in direction or position; Ex. shift the
stolen goods; N. group of workers which takes turns
with other groups; working period of such a group
deft = neat; skillful
homily = sermon; tedious moralizing lecture; serious
warning; ADJ. homiletic
rankle = irritate; fester; annoy
mingle = mix together in close association
indeterminate = uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite
rotundity = roundness; sonorousness of speech
enumerate = list; mention one by one
congenial = pleasant; friendly; in agreement with one.s
tastes and nature; Ex. congenial weather
gist = essence; main point; substance








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GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 7

GRE/CAT VOCABULARY LIST 7


evocative = tending to call up (emotions, memories)
titter = nervous giggle; nervous laugh; V.
glut = overstock; fill beyond capacity (with food); fill to
excess; N: oversupply
devious = roundabout; erratic; deviating from the
straight course; not straightforward; not completely
honest; Ex. devious route
imperturbable = unshakably calm; placid
husbandry = frugality; thrift; economy; agriculture; farming;
Ex. animal husbandry; CF. husbandman
ingrate = ungrateful person (not expressing thanks)
comport = bear one.s self; behave; Ex. comport oneself;
N. comportment
reprobation = severe disapproval; CF. approbation
arch- = chief; first; Ex. archbishop
incendiary = arsonist; ADJ: causing fire; of arson; Ex. incendiary
bomb
glossary = brief explanation of words used in the text
helm = steering wheel of a ship; position of control
pretext = excuse
solvent = able to pay all depths; N. solvency
nauseous = causing nausea; feeling nausea
valor = bravery; ADJ. valiant: possessing valor; brave
impasse = predicament(dangerous condition) from
which there is no escape; situation allowing for no
further progress
foreboding = premonition of evil; feeling of coming evil;
V. forebode: be a warning of (something unpleasant)
copious = plentiful
overturn = turn over; capsize; topple
fawning = courting favor by cringing and flattering; V.
fawn: exhibit affection as a dog; seek favor or attention
by obsequiousness
allegory = story, play, or picture in which characters are
used as symbols; fable
retain = keep; maintain possession of; employ (esp. a
lawyer or advisor); N. retainer: servant; fee paid to retain
an advisor
mimicry = imitation
extrinsic = external; not essential or inherent; extraneous;
OP. intrinsic
duration = length of time something lasts
truism = self-evident truth
absolve = pardon (an offense)
arsenal = storage place for military equipment
centrifugal = radiating; departing from the center
alms = money or goods given to the poor
shrew = scolding woman; very small mouselike animal
sordid = filthy; foul; base; vile; Ex. sordid bed/story
franchise = right or privilege granted by authority; right
to vote; license to sell a product in a particular territory
enhance = increase; make greater (as in value, reputation,
or usefulness); improve
anesthetic = substance that removes sensation with or
without loss of consciousness; N. anesthesia
decadence = decay; fall to a lower level (of morality, civilization,
or art); ADJ. decadent
ejaculation = exclamation; abrupt ejection (to discharge
sperm); V. ejaculate
terse = concise; abrupt; pithy
vintner = wine merchant; winemaker; seller of wine
labyrinth = maze
detain = keep waiting; prevent from leaving or going; N.
detention
self-indulgence = excessive indulgence of one.s own desire
philology = study of language or words
recapitulate = summarize
odorous = having an odor
rustle = make slight sounds like silk moving or being
rubbed together
licentious = amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained
physiognomy = face (as showing the character and the
mind); art of judging human character from facial features
awful = terrible; very bad
ravenous = extremely hungry; voracious
earmark = set aside (money or time) for a particular purpose
unaccountable = unexplicable; impossible to account for;
unreasonable or mysterious
behoove(behove) = be suited to; be incumbent upon; be
right and necessary; Ex. It behooves one to do.
badger = pester; annoy continually with demands; persuade
by asking again and again; Ex. The children badgered
me into taking them into the cinema; N: a kind of
mountain animal
rumble = make or move with a deep rolling sound (as
thunder or stomach)
sojourn = temporary stay; V: stay for a time
myopic = nearsighted; lacking foresight; N. myopia
tortuous = winding; full of curves; Ex. tortuous mountain
road
cross = bad-tempered; showing ill-humor; angry
murmur = low, indistinct, continuous sound; V. CF. mumble
fret = be annoyed or vexed; Ex. fret over your poor
grades; N: irritation of mind; ADJ. fretful
gaffe = social blunder
divest = strip (as of clothes); deprive (as of rights); dispossess;
N. divestiture(divestment)
beatitude = blessedness; state of great happiness








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GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 6

GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 6


choreography = art of representing dances in written
symbols; arrangement of dances
furor = frenzy; great anger and excitement; CF. fury
obituary = death notice (esp. in a newspaper); ADJ.
dialectical = relating to the art of debate; mutual or reciprocal;
Ex. dialectical situation; N. dialectic: art of arriving
at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments
oratorio = dramatic poem set to music; long musical work
with singing but without acting; CF. cantata
sloth = slow moving tree-dwelling mammal; laziness;
ADJ. slothful: lazy; indolent
simian = monkeylike; N: ape or monkey
inter = bury; N. interment
supersede = replace; cause to be set aside; make obsolete;
N. supersession
coroner = public official who investigates any death
thought to be of other than natural causes
perspicuity = clearness of expression; freedom from ambiguity
succulent = juicy; full of juice or sap; full of richness; N:
succulent plant such as a cactus
ransack = search thoroughly; pillage (going through a
place); Ex. Enemy soldiers ransacked the town.
dorsal = relating to the back of an animal; Ex. dorsal fin
protean = able to take on many forms; versatile; CF. Proteus:
sea god to change his shape at will
conscientious = scrupulous; through and careful; Ex.
conscientious worker
gape = open widely; open the mouth wide; stare wonderingly
with the mouth open; CF. agape
perverse = purposely continuing to do something wrong;
stubbornly wrongheaded; perverted; directed away
from what is right; wicked and unacceptable; Ex. perverse
satisfaction; Ex. Hannibal Lecter in a perverse
mood; N. perversity
nexus = connection
mercantile = concerning trade or merchants
inestimable = impossible to estimate; (apprec) invaluable;
of immeasurable worth
quixotic = idealistic but impractical; CF. Don Quixote
antipathy = aversion; dislike or opposition
chaste = morally pure; virginal; abstaining from illicit sexual
acts; modest; simple (of a style of writing); not
highly decorated; austere
incident = event; event that causes a crisis
distraught = upset; distracted by anxiety; very anxious
and troubled almost to the point of madness; Ex. distraught
with grief/worry
recreant = disloyal; cowardly; N: disloyal and cowardly
person
disport = amuse; Ex. disport oneself; CF. divert
proxy = authorized agent; authority to act for another
leave-taking = farewell or departure
tender = offer formally; extend; Ex. tender one.s resignation/
the exact fare; N: formal offer; money; Ex. legal
tender; ADJ: young and vulnerable; sensitive to the
touch; sore; soft; delicate; Ex. child of tender years; Ex.
tender wound
brunt = main impact or shock (of an attack or blow); Ex.
brunt of the argument
junta = group of persons joined in political intrigue; cabal;
group of military officers ruling a country after seizing
power (by force)
materialism = preoccupation with physical comforts and
things; excessive regard for worldly concerns (rather
than spiritual matters)
analgesic = causing insensitivity to pain; N.
jurisprudence = science of law
dossier = file of documents on a subject or person; file; CF.
bundle of papers labeled on the back
transparent = permitting light to pass through freely; easily
detected; obvious; clear; Ex. transparent lie
virulent = (of a disease or poison) extremely harmful or
poisonous; (of a feeling) hostile; bitter; N. virulence; CF.
virus; CF. venom
bluster = blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully;
speak in a noisy or bullying manner; CF. breeze, gust,
gale
capacious = spacious
conspiracy = treacherous plot; secret plan against the law
(by two or more people)
lectern = reading desk or stand for a public speaker
aria = operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an
opera or oratorio
unique = without an equal; single in kind
posterity = descendants; future generations; Ex. go down
to posterity; CF. posterior, anterior
pacifist = one opposed to force; antimilitarist; ADJ. N.
pacifism: opposition to war as a means of resolving disputes
insatiable = not easily satisfied; unquenchable; Ex. insatiable
appetite
exhilarating = invigorating and refreshing; cheering; V.
exhilarate: make cheerful and excited; Ex. exhilarated
by the ride in the sports car
bohemian = unconventional (in an artistic way)
ignoble = unworthy; not noble; dishonorable; Ex. ignoble
deed
career = rush wildly; go at full speed
zeal = eager enthusiasm (to a cause or ideal); ADJ. zealous
miscellany = mixture of writings on various subjects; collection
of various items
acquittal = deliverance from a charge; V. acquit: free from a charge or accusation; discharge from a duty; conduct(oneself) in a specified manner

GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 5

GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 5


vapid = lacking liveliness; dull and unimaginative; insipid
and flavorless; Ex. vapid lecture
propitiate = appease; conciliate; make peaceful; ADJ. propitiatory
fledgling(fledgeling) = inexperienced; N: young bird that
has acquired wing feathers and is learning to fly; inexperienced
person
immaculate = spotless; flawless; absolutely clean
distinctive = clearly different from others of the same
kind
transpose = reverse the order or position of
momentum = quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus;
moving force
exploit = brave and successful act; deed or action, particularly
a brave deed; CF. crossing the Atlantic ocean
sibylline = prophetic; oracular; N. sibyl: woman prophet
(in the ancient world)
serrated = having a sawtoothed edge; Ex. serrated leaf
cohere = stick together
wistful = sadly thoughtful (because of desires or memories);
sadly pensive; vaguely longing
gamely = in a spirited manner; with courage; Ex. fight
gamely against a superior boxer; ADJ. game
spurn = reject disdainfully; scorn; Ex. She spurned all offers
of help.
conservatory(conservatoire) = school of the fine arts (especially
music or drama); glass-enclosed area; CF. conservancy
malcontent = person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs;
discontented person; ADJ: discontented
killjoy = grouch; spoilsport; one who intentionally spoils
the pleasure of others
discourse = serious speech, writing, or conversation; formal
discussion (either written or spoken); conversation;
V.
bifurcated = divided into two branches; forked
lucrative = profitable; producing wealth
qualms = uneasy feelings; misgivings; uneasy fears especially
about matters of conscience; Ex. I have no qualms
about giving this assignment to Helen.
fusion = union; coalition; V. fuse
clarion = shrill, trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used
in former times
traverse = go through or across
cherubic = angelic; innocent-looking; N. cherub; CF. seraph:
winged angel of the highest order
parasite = animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant;
CF. para-: beside
decomposition = decay; V. decompose: decay; break and
separate into simple parts
industrious = diligent; hard-working; N. industry
metallurgical = pertaining to the art of removing metals
from ores; N. metallurgy: science that deals with extracting
metals from ores
dutiful(duteous) = (of people or their behavior) respectful;
obedient (filled with a sense of duty)
indices = signs; indications; Ex. indices of a student.s potential;
CF. index: something that reveals or indicates;
sign; Ex. cost-of-living index
disband = dissolve; disperse; (of a group) break up and
separate; Ex. The club has disbanded.
supposititious = assumed; counterfeit; hypothetical
despot = tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler; CF. despotism
topple = become unsteady and fall down
apprise = inform
tardy = slow; sluggish; not on time; late; Ex. tardy arrival
sheer = pure; thin and transparent; very steep
optician = maker and seller of eyeglasses
deposition = testimony under oath; deposing; dethroning
legend = explanatory list of symbols on a map
aseptic = preventing infection; having a cleansing effect
farce = broad comedy; mockery; humorous play full of
silly things happening; ADJ. farcical
acrid = bitter (to the taste or smell); sharp; bitterly pungent
raconteur = story-teller; one who tells stories with wit and
skill
reduce = diminish; bring to a weaker or more difficult
condition; demote; lower in rank; separate into components
by analysis; Ex. reduced to the ranks; Ex. reduce
the house to rubble; N. reduction
dart = move or throw suddenly and quickly
scholarly = full of learning; erudite; like a scholar; Ex.
scholarly journal
cohesion = tendency to keep together
epoch = period of time
canard = unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report
toss = throw lightly; move or lift (the head) with a sudden
motion; flip (a coin) to decide something
phalanx = formation of infantry carrying overlapping
shields and long spears; group of men packed together
(for attack or defense)
bar = railing in a courtroom; legal profession; vertical line
dividing a staff into equal measures; Ex. prisoner at the
bar; V: shut in or out with bars; forbid; exclude; CF. barrister
lineaments = features especially of the face; distinctive
shape or contour of the face; CF. line
validate = make valid; confirm; ratify
compelling = overpowering; irresistible in effect; holding
one.s attention; that compels one to do something; Ex. a
compelling adventure story; V. compel








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GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 4

GRE/CAT Vocabulary List 4

ordain = decree or command; grant holy orders; predestine;
install as a minister, priest, or rabbi; N. ordainment;
CF. ordination
noisome = foul smelling; very unpleasant; unwholesome
semblance = outward appearance; guise; Ex. We called
in the troops to bring a/some semblance of order to the
city.
assert = state strongly or positively; demand recognition
of (rights, claims, etc.); make a claim to (by forceful action);
Ex. assert one.s independence
calamity = disaster; misery
foil = defeat; frustrate; prevent from being successful;
thwart; CF. fail
invocation = prayer for help (used in invoking); calling
upon as a reference or support; act of invoking
retaliate = repay in kind (usually for bad treatment); V.
retaliate
complicity = participation; involvement (in a questionable
act or a crime)
tangible = able to be touched; real; concrete; palpable;
possible to realize or understand; Ex. tangible proof
numismatist = person who collects coins; N. numismatics:
study or collection of money, coins, and medals
supplant = take the place of unfairly; usurp; replace
progeny = children; offspring; descendants
list = tilt (as of a ship); lean over (to one side)
invoke = call and bring into use (a right or law); call
on/upon (a higher power or god) for help; ask for; beg
for; conjure (a spirit); Ex. invoke the veto power; Ex.
invoke one.s advisor/God
slither = slip or slide
precedent = something preceding in time which may be
used as an authority or guide for future action; V. precede;
CF. unprecedented
gaunt = lean and angular; thin and bony; emaciated; barren
dishearten = discourage
commensurate = equal in extent; of the same size
ethereal = like a spirit or fairy; unearthly light; heavenly;
unusually refined; Ex. She has an ethereal beauty; CF.
ether: upper air
archaic = antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the
past; N.
longevity = long life; long duration
pan = criticize harshly
quintessence = purest and highest embodiment; perfect
example; apotheosis; most essential element; Ex.
quintessence of wit; ADJ. quintessential; CF. fifth
essence
scanty = meager; insufficient
unseemly = unbecoming; not proper in behavior; indecent;
Ex. leave with unseemly haste
rebuff = reject bluntly; snub; beat back; Ex. She rebuffed
his invitation; N.
pulverize = crush or grind into very small particles
canny = shrewd in money matters; thrifty
influx = flowing into
overwrought = nervous or excited; extremely agitated;
hysterical; wrought-up; CF. wrought: made or done
clientele = body of customers
patent = obvious; easily seen; open for the public to read;
of or protected by a patent; Ex. patent to everyone; N.
wane = decrease in size or strength (after being full); grow
gradually to an end; Ex. The moon waxes and wanes
every month; N.
fetter = shackle; restrict the freedom of; N. chain or
shackle for the foot of a prisoner; CF. foot
regeneration = spiritual rebirth; Ex. regeneration of the
prisoners; V. regenerate: give or obtain new life; reform
spiritually
pedagogy = teaching; art of education
jubilation = rejoicing; great joy
mete = measure; distribute; administer; Ex. mete out justice/
punishment
pulmonary = pertaining to the lungs
rift = narrow opening in a large mass; break in a friendly
relation; Ex. through a rift in the clouds; OP. reconcilation
exonerate = acquit; exculpate; free from blame or guilt
untoward = unexpected and adverse; unfortunate or unlucky;
Ex. untoward encounter
ramp = slope; inclined plane or roadway (connecting two
levels)
juncture = crisis; point in time; joining point; joint; act of
joining
perspicuous = (of something) plainly expressed; easy to
understand; Ex. perspicuous comments
devoid = empty; lacking
prefigure = be a sign of; foreshadow
indicative = suggestive; implying; serving to indicate
denigrate = blacken; defame
lexicon = dictionary
sober = serious; solemn; not drunken; abstemious or temperate;
V: make or become sober
bode = foreshadow; portend
reparation = compensation (for loss or wrong); amends;
Ex. make reparation for the damage; CF. repair
odious = arousing strong dislike; hateful(causing hatred);
vile
maraud = move in search of plunder; Ex. marauding
army
meager = scanty; inadequate
ceremonious = marked by formality; extremely formal
and polite; CF. ceremony: conventional social courtesy
autonomous = self-governing; N. autonomy






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